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==Events== *1400 – The Trần dynasty of Vietnam is deposed after one hundred and seventy-five years of rule by Hồ Quý Ly, a court official. *1540 – Waltham Abbey is surrendered to King Henry VIII of England; the last religious community to be closed during the Dissolution of the Monasteries. *1568 – The Peace of Longjumeau is signed, ending the second phase of the French Wars of Religion. *1708 – James Francis Edward Stuart lands at the Firth of Forth. *1757 – Capture of Chandannagar fort by British forces. *1775 – American Revolutionary War: Patrick Henry delivers his speech – "Give me liberty, or give me death!" – at St. John's Episcopal Church, Richmond, Virginia. *1801 – Tsar Paul I of Russia is struck with a sword, then strangled, and finally trampled to death inside his bedroom at St. Michael's Castle. *1806 – After traveling through the Louisiana Purchase and reaching the Pacific Ocean, explorers Lewis and Clark and their "Corps of Discovery" begin their arduous journey home. *1821 – Greek War of Independence: Battle and fall of city of Kalamata. *1848 – The ship ''John Wickliffe'' arrives at Port Chalmers carrying the first Scottish settlers for Dunedin, New Zealand. Otago province is founded. *1857 – Elisha Otis's first elevator is installed at 488 Broadway New York City. *1862 – The First Battle of Kernstown, Virginia, marks the start of Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign. Though a Confederate defeat, the engagement distracts Federal efforts to capture Richmond. *1868 – The University of California is founded in Oakland, California when the Organic Act is signed into law. *1879 – War of the Pacific: The Battle of Topáter, the first battle of the war is fought between Chile and the joint forces of Bolivia and Peru. *1885 – Sino-French War: Chinese victory in the Battle of Phu Lam Tao near Hưng Hóa, northern Vietnam. *1888 – In England, The Football League, the world's oldest professional association football league, meets for the first time. *1889 – The Ahmadiyya Muslim Community is established by Mirza Ghulam Ahmad in Qadian, India. *1901 – Emilio Aguinaldo, only President of the First Philippine Republic, was captured at Palanan, Isabela by forces of General Frederick Funston. *1905 – Eleftherios Venizelos calls for Crete's union with Greece, and begins what is to be known as the Theriso revolt. *1908 – American diplomat Durham Stevens is attacked by Korean assassins Jeon Myeong-un and Jang In-hwan, leading to his death in a hospital two days later. *1909 – Theodore Roosevelt leaves New York for a post-presidency safari in Africa. The trip is sponsored by the Smithsonian Institution and National Geographic Society. *1918 – First World War: On the third day of the German Spring Offensive, the 10th Battalion of the Royal West Kent Regiment is annihilated with many of the men becoming prisoners of war *1919 – In Milan, Italy, Benito Mussolini founds his Fascist political movement. *1931 – Bhagat Singh, Shivaram Rajguru and Sukhdev Thapar are hanged for the killing of a deputy superintendent of police during the Indian struggle for independence. *1933 – The ''Reichstag'' passes the Enabling Act of 1933, making Adolf Hitler dictator of Germany. *1935 – Signing of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Philippines. *1939 – The Hungarian air force attacks the headquarters of Slovak air force in the city of Spišská Nová Ves, kills 13 people and began the Slovak–Hungarian War. *1940 – The Lahore Resolution (''Qarardad-e-Pakistan'' or ''Qarardad-e-Lahore'') is put forward at the Annual General Convention of the All-India Muslim League. *1942 – World War II: In the Indian Ocean, Japanese forces capture the Andaman Islands. *1956 – Pakistan becomes the first Islamic republic in the world. (Republic Day in Pakistan) *1965 – NASA launches Gemini 3, the United States' first two-man space flight (crew: Gus Grissom and John Young). * 1965 – The first issue of ''The Vigilant'' is published from Khartoum. *1977 – The first of The Nixon Interviews (12 will be recorded over four weeks) are videotaped with British journalist David Frost interviewing former United States President Richard Nixon about the Watergate scandal and the Nixon tapes. *1978 – The first UNIFIL troops arrived in Lebanon for peacekeeping mission along the Blue Line. *1980 – Archbishop Óscar Romero of El Salvador gives his famous speech appealing to men of the El Salvadoran armed forces to stop killing the Salvadorans. *1982 – Guatemala's government, headed by Fernando Romeo Lucas García is overthrown in a military coup by right-wing General Efraín Ríos Montt. *1983 – Strategic Defense Initiative: President Ronald Reagan makes his initial proposal to develop technology to intercept enemy missiles. *1991 – The Revolutionary United Front, with support from the special forces of Charles Taylor's National Patriotic Front of Liberia, invades Sierra Leone in an attempt to overthrow Joseph Saidu Momoh, sparking a gruesome 11-year Sierra Leone Civil War. *1994 – At an election rally in Tijuana, Mexican presidential candidate Luis Donaldo Colosio is assassinated by Mario Aburto Martínez. * 1994 – Aeroflot Flight 593 crashes in Siberia when the pilot's fifteen-year-old son accidentally disengages the autopilot, killing all 75 people on board. * 1994 – A United States Air Force (USAF) F-16 aircraft collides with a USAF C-130 at Pope Air Force Base and then crashes, killing 24 United States Army soldiers on the ground. This later became known as the Green Ramp disaster. *1996 – Taiwan holds its first direct elections and chooses Lee Teng-hui as President. *1999 – Gunmen assassinate Paraguay's Vice President Luis María Argaña. *2001 – The Russian ''Mir'' space station is disposed of, breaking up in the atmosphere before falling into the southern Pacific Ocean near Fiji. *2003 – Battle of Nasiriyah, first major conflict during the invasion of Iraq. *2005 – Texas City Refinery explosion: During a test on a distillation tower liquid waste builds up and flows out of a blowout tower. Waste fumes ignite and explode killing 15 workers. *2009 – FedEx Express Flight 80: A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 flying from Guangzhou, China crashes at Tokyo's Narita International Airport, killing both the captain and the co-pilot. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「March 23」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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